Abstract
Hypertensive renal damage generally occurs during the middle and late stages of hypertension, which is typically characterized by proteinuria and renal inflammation. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has been widely used for therapy of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. However, the protective effects of captopril on hypertension-induced organ damage remain elusive. The present study was designed to explore the renoprotective action of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The 6-week-old male SHR and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomized into long-term captopril-treated (34 mg/kg) and vehicle-treated groups. The results showed that in SHR there was obvious renal injury characterized by the increased levels of urine albumin, total protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal inflammation manifested by the increased mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and enhanced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Captopril treatment could lower blood pressure, improve renal injury, and suppress renal inflammation and NF-κB activation in SHR rats. In conclusion, captopril ameliorates renal injury and inflammation in SHR possibly via inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
Highlights
Hypertension is a global chronic disease, and uncontrolled hypertension usually leads to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure [1]
The present study showed that the renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) rats would be aggravated gradually along with the progress of hypertension, and captopril provided significant renal protective effects on SHR rats
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis or renal injury [10,11], and anti-inflammation drugs have been shown to have potential renoprotective effects in hypertension [12,13]
Summary
Hypertension is a global chronic disease, and uncontrolled hypertension usually leads to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure [1]. Hypertension-induced renal damage is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients and has become an important public health problem [2]. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are pharmaceutical drugs used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. An ACE inhibitor, has been demonstrated to exhibit protective effect on diabetic [5] and non-diabetic [6] renal injury. The possible protective action of captopril on hypertensive renal damage is poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with captopril on hypertensive renal injury
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