Abstract
The prominent human symbiont Bacteroides fragilis protects animals from intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and its capsular polysaccharide plays a key role in reducing inflammation. B. fragilis strain ZY-312 was isolated from the feces of a healthy breast-fed infant, and the zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide zwitterionic polysaccharide, TP2, was extracted. In rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced enteritis, TP2 at an optimal dose of 2.5 mg/kg could significantly alleviate enteritis and reduced the degree of intestinal adhesions, the intestinal ulcer area, and the incidence of ulcers in rats. To understand the underlying mechanism, TP2 was labeled with Fluorescein isothiocyanate and orally administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg in rats. TP2 was mainly distributed in the cecum and colorectum, but it was not detected in the blood and other organs except that a compound with a molecular weight greater than that of TP2-FITC was found in liver tissue. During the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, TP2 was indigestible. These results were further confirmed by investigation in the simulated gastric, intestinal fluid, and colonic fluid with fecal microbiota in vitro, where TP2 remained unaltered at different time points. Furthermore, flora composition was analyzed in simulated colonic fluid with TP2 added and it was found that TP2 increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Enterococcus romboutsia, and Ruminococcaceae, whereas the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria represented by Sutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Enterobacteriaceae was decreased. However, the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the simulated colonic fluid was not changed by intestinal flora post-TP2 addition. In conclusion, these findings confirmed that TP2, a capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis, protects against ulcerative colitis in an undegraded form.
Highlights
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and rectum
Capsular Polysaccharide Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis incidence areas of UC; recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the incidence of UC in these areas was increasing dramatically (Ng et al, 2017)
Most of these reports focus on the pharmacodynamic study of polysaccharide, while a few studies described the pharmacokinetics of polysaccharides, including the best-studied zwitterionic polysaccharide (ZPS) (PSA) extracted from B. fragilis NCTC 9343
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and rectum. Capsular Polysaccharide Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis incidence areas of UC; recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the incidence of UC in these areas was increasing dramatically (Ng et al, 2017). Current treatments for UC are aminosalicylate, glucocorticoid hormones, immunosuppressants, and some biological agents (Pastorelli et al, 2009). These drugs have many disadvantages, such as slow response time, drug resistance, and potentially toxic or adverse effects (Pastorelli et al, 2009). Developing new drugs for the treatment of UC is essential
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