CAPN1 and hereditary spastic paraplegia: a novel variant in an Iranian family and overview of the genotype-phenotype correlation

Abstract

Purpose SPG76 is one of the rare forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) which causes by mutations in the CAPN1 gene. The mode of inheritance of SPG76 is autosomal recessive (AR) and so far, only 24 families and 25 mutations in this gene have been reported worldwide. These mutations have been associated with a spectrum of disorders from pure HSP to spastic ataxia. HSP genetically is one of the most heterogeneous neurological disorders and to date, 79 types of HSP (SPG1-SPG79) have been identified, however, it has been suggested that many HSP-genes, particularly in AR-HSPs, remained unknown. AR-HSPs clinically overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders, making an accurate diagnosis of the disease difficult. Therefore, in addition to clinical examination, a high throughout genetic method like whole exome sequencing (WES) may be necessary for the diagnosis of this type of neurodegenerative disorders. Methods and Results Herein, we present the clinical features and results of WES in the first Iranian family with a novel CAPN1 variant, c.C853T:p.R285* and pure HSP. Conclusion Some of the previous studies have mentioned that the “spasticity-ataxia phenotype might be conducted to the diagnosis of SPG76” but recently the number of pure HSP patients with CAPN1 mutation is increasing. The present study also expands the mutation spectrum of pure CAPN1-related SPG76; emphasizing that CAPN1 screening is required in both pure HSP and spasticity-ataxia phenotypes. As noted in some other literature, we suggest the clinical spectrum of this disorder to be considered as “CAPN1-associated neurodegeneration”.