Abstract
Economic growth in the USA, Japan, and Germany during three decades and the recessions during the energy crises are well reproduced by production functions that depend on capital, labor, energy and three technology parameters. Time changes of these parameters model innovation diffusion, driven by creativity. In all three countries the time-averaged elasticities of production of energy exceed the share of energy cost in total factor cost by about an order of magnitude, and those of labor are much less than labor's cost share. Only for capital; elasticities and shares are roughly in equilibrium.
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