Abstract
Flow analysis is the science of performing quantitative analytical chemistry in flowing streams. Because of its efficiency and speed of analysis, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a prospective method for the monitoring of a flow composition withdrawn from various processes (e.g., occurring in bioreactors, fermentations, enzymatic assays, and microdialysis samples). However, interfacing CE to a various flow of interest requires further study. In this paper, several ingenious approaches on interfacing flow from various chemical or bioprocesses to a capillary electrophoresis instrument are reviewed. Most of these interfaces can be described as computer-controlled autosamplers. Even though most of the described interfaces waste too many samples, many interesting and important applications of the devices are reported. However, the lack of commercially available devices prevents the wide application of CE for flow analysis. On the contrary, this fact opens up a potential avenue for future research in the field of flow sampling by CE.
Highlights
Flow analysis is the science of performing quantitative analytical chemistry in flowing streams [1]
This review describes the possibilities of a particular separation method—capillary electrophoresis (CE)—for flow injection analysis (FIA)
We demonstrate that CE has advantages over other, more popular separation methods such as liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry, and that the online interfacing of CE is simple in principle but involves complications due to the need for supporting instrumentation
Summary
Flow analysis is the science of performing quantitative analytical chemistry in flowing streams [1]. This review describes the possibilities of a particular separation method—capillary electrophoresis (CE)—for flow injection analysis (FIA) It reviews up-to-date research in this field. By analyzing some possible examples of published FIA–CE applications for the analysis of various processes, we demonstrate the need for supporting instrumentation results in FIA–CE interfacing, as it is clumsy and unsuitable for miniaturization. This explains why FIA–CE applications are not widespread and many attractive applications are overlooked. If the flow composition varies with time (and this variation is usually of interest), there is certain time interval during which the analysis must be completed to obtain a realistic estimate of the variation course occurring in the flow. In the context of this publication, the important advantage is the fact that, in general, the separations in CE take less time than in LC, making it more suitable for rapid analysis processes, which require time resolution in the order of seconds to minutes
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