Abstract
Two new bicyclogermacrenes, capgermacrenes A (1) and B (2), were isolated with two known compounds, palustrol (3) and litseagermacrane (4), from a population of Bornean soft coral Capnella sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was found to inhibit the accumulation of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory IL-1β and NO production by down-regulating the expression of iNOS protein in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Highlights
Soft corals belonging to the genus Capnella (Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) are known to produce sesquiterpenoids, such as capnellenes and capnellanes [1]
Anti-inflammatory activity bioassay of compounds 1–4 against RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated based on the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability induced by LPS (1 μg/mL)
In this anti-inflammatory assay, we confirmed that LPS had significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), PGE2 and NO production, which resulted in the over expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2
Summary
Soft corals belonging to the genus Capnella (Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) are known to produce sesquiterpenoids, such as capnellenes and capnellanes [1]. Mar. Drugs 2015, 13 isolation and structural elucidation of a new cembrane diterpene [3], a new sterol [4] and a new norsesquiterpenoid [5], along with several known compounds [5]. There were no sesquiterpenes isolated from Bornean soft coral genus Capnella. From Mantanani Island (Sabah, Malaysia) and it has led to the isolation of bicyclogermacrenes as first report in Bornean soft corals. The methanol extract gave two new bicyclogermacrenes, capgermacrenes A (1) and B (2), in addition to two known compounds, palustrol (3) [6] and litseagermacrane (4) [7,8] (Figure 1). This paper reports the isolation, structure elucidation and anti-inflammatory activity of these four compounds
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