Abstract
In the paper, we experimentally study the capacity performance of the system based fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) in an underwater environment, when the available orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are limited. The influence of topological charge (TC), temperature gradient, and salinity on the transmission of LG-FOAM beam in the underwater turbulence are analyzed. The results show that temperature gradient impacts more seriously on the beam than that of salinity. At the same time, the optimum interval of TC for the FOAM system the feasibility of interval-based mode-multiplexed communication. It also verified that the inter-mode interval score can increase the number of multiplexed channels when the topological charge is limited, meanwhile, the channel capacity can be increased by the allowed crosstalk.
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