Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. expeller cake to reduce the phorbol esters and its effect on fermentative losses, by adding soluble carbohydrates or microbial inoculants. The design was completely randomized with four replications in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three sources of soluble carbohydrates (SC, control, 50 g sucrose/kg or 50 g crude glycerin/kg as fed) and two doses of microbial inoculants (MI, 0 or 5 × 105 ufc Lactobacillus plantarum + 3.33 × 105 ufc Propionibacterium per g as fed). Twenty-four mini-silos (982 cm3) of polyvinyl chloride were created and opened after 60 days of fermentation at room temperature. The pre-hydrated Jatropha curcas L. cake (282 g of water/kg) contained 0.424 mg of phorbol esters/g of dry matter. Ensiling reduced the phorbol esters in 47.4%, on average, regardless of the SC or MI. There was no interaction effect between SC and MI on effluent, gases or total dry matter losses. However, both losses were increased when SC were added, and it was higher with glycerin that than sucrose. The addition of MI reduced all fermentation losses. The process of ensiling, although partially to reduce the phorbol esters of pre-hydrated Jatropha curcas L. cake, is not indicated as a biodestoxification procedure.
Highlights
Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial plant, native to Central and South America, present in various soil and climatic conditions, whose seeds have high oil content (350 g/kg) (Oliveira et al, 2010.) Due to these characteristics, researchers have elected it as one of the potential sources of vegetable oil for biodiesel production.The products resulting from the oilseed extraction of Jatropha curcas L. have chemical composition that is suitable for use in ruminant diets as protein sources
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. expeller cake to reduce the phorbol esters and its effect on fermentative losses, by adding soluble carbohydrates or microbial inoculants
The design was completely randomized with four replications in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three sources of soluble carbohydrates (SC, control, 50 g sucrose/kg or 50 g crude glycerin/kg as fed) and two doses of microbial inoculants (MI, 0 or 5 × 105 ufc Lactobacillus plantarum + 3.33 × 105 ufc Propionibacterium per g as fed)
Summary
The products resulting from the oilseed extraction of Jatropha curcas L. have chemical composition that is suitable for use in ruminant diets as protein sources. The presence of toxic compounds limits the use in animal feed, which reduces the competitiveness of Jatropha curcas L. over other oilseeds (Oliveira et al, 2010). Chemical (alkaline) and physical (autoclaving) procedures effectively reduce the phorbol esters of jatropha curcas meal, and they were patented (Kumar et al, 2010). Since at the ensiling process there is intense biochemical modification of organic compounds by microbial action, it was hypothesized that ensilage can reduce levels of phorbol esters in the Jatropha curcas L. seed meal and that addition of soluble carbohydrate sources or microbial additives may boost this effect. No evidence of this effect in national and international literature has been found
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