Abstract
In order to improve the cycling performance of LiMn2O4 based cathode materials, we have synthesized a new composition LiCo0.4Al0.1Mn1.5O4 by sol-gel method. In the path of the material synthesis, citric acid was added to serve as a binding agent and a gelling agent respectively, followed by calcinations at 850°C for 12 h. The synthesized material was well characterized by TG/DTA, XRD, FTIR, EPR, SEM, electrical and electrochemical tests. It was found that LiCo0.4Al0.1Mn1.5O4 powder has an ordered cubic spinel phase (space group Fd3m) and exhibits good rate capability. The electrical and electrochemical characterization was carried out in CR-2032 coin type cell configuration. The material delivers an initial discharge capacity of 48 mAhg-1 between 3.5 and 4.9 V at a C/10 rate and subjected for more than 30 cycles. The electrochemical behavior is well supported with impedance data.
Highlights
Considering the development of renewable energy sources and the large scale power requirement during peak hours from the electrical grids, energy storage devices are very important
Different cathode materials based on LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 structures with various dopants have been studied [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] as alternatives to LiCoO2
LiCo0.4Al0.1Mn1.5O4 in the powder form was prepared by taking the stoichiometric amounts of lithium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate in deionized water with a drop of nitric acid
Summary
Considering the development of renewable energy sources and the large scale power requirement during peak hours from the electrical grids, energy storage devices are very important. It is important to develop high performance LIBs having efficient capacity retention over long cycles. For this purposes, both anode and cathode materials are being modified to improve their respective performances. In order to combat this stability issue, partial substitution of Mn with various metal ion (M=Co, Gd, Zn, In, Fe, Au, Ni, Cr, Mg, Sn, Al and B) have recommended [16] This is based on the idea that the dopant ions increase the average valence state of Mn to be higher than +3.5. This will stabilize the LiMn2O4 framework structure by strong metal-oxygen bonding of the substituted metal ion [16,17]
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