Abstract
What is the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted error-free in fibre–optic communication systems? For linear channels, this was established in classic works of Nyquist and Shannon. However, despite the immense practical importance of fibre–optic communications providing for >99% of global data traffic, the channel capacity of optical links remains unknown due to the complexity introduced by fibre nonlinearity. Recently, there has been a flurry of studies examining an expected cap that nonlinearity puts on the information-carrying capacity of fibre–optic systems. Mastering the nonlinear channels requires paradigm shift from current modulation, coding and transmission techniques originally developed for linear communication systems. Here we demonstrate that using the integrability of the master model and the nonlinear Fourier transform, the lower bound on the capacity per symbol can be estimated as 10.7 bits per symbol with 500 GHz bandwidth over 2,000 km.
Highlights
What is the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted error-free in fibre–optic communication systems? For linear channels, this was established in classic works of Nyquist and Shannon
We show that the use of nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT)/nonlinear inverse synthesis (NIS) methods makes it possible to favourably estimate the lower bound of the capacity per symbol for the long-haul fibre networks in the multichannel/multicarrier environment, compared with the conventional modulation techniques
The common channel model for optical communications inside a single-mode fibre is the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) written for the electrical field envelope q(z,t), perturbed by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)[1,2,4,5]
Summary
What is the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted error-free in fibre–optic communication systems? For linear channels, this was established in classic works of Nyquist and Shannon. It is hard to overestimate the impact that optical fibre transmission systems have had on everyday life in the ‘information society’ era These systems have undergone a long process of increasing engineering complexity and sophistication[1], the key physical effects that affect system performance remain much the same as before[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In 1993, Hasegawa and Nyu proposed using discrete eigenvalues (corresponding to solitons) emerging from the NFT to encode and transmit information, as these are not affected by dispersion and nonlinearity[10,16] Yousefi and Kschischang[17] used NFT for nonlinear signal multiplexing in multi-user channels The objective of their approach was to solve the problem of nonlinear crosstalk that occurs in wavelength–division–multiplexed systems. A method of nonlinear inverse synthesis (NIS) was proposed in refs 21–23: its purpose is to generate the time domain waveforms starting from a continuous nonlinear spectrum that exactly matches the linear spectrum of the data to be transmitted
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