Abstract
The consistency in capacity degradation in a multi-cell pack (>100 cells) is critical for ensuring long service life for propulsion applications. As the first step of optimizing a battery system design, academic publications regarding the capacity degradation mechanisms and possible solutions for cycled nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) rechargeable batteries under various usage conditions are reviewed. The commonly used analytic methods for determining the failure mode are also presented here. The most common failure mode of a Ni/MH battery is an increase in the cell impedance due to electrolyte dry-out that occurs from venting and active electrode material degradation/disintegration. This work provides a summary of effective methods to extend Ni/MH cell cycle life through negative electrode formula optimizations and binder selection, positive electrode additives and coatings, electrolyte optimization, cell design, and others. Methods of reviving and recycling used/spent batteries are also reviewed.
Highlights
IntroductionNickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries are widely used in many energy storage applications
The success of nickel/metal hydride (Ni/metal hydride (MH)) in powering hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) developed by a handful of automobile manufacturers stems from its wide temperature range, abuse tolerance, superb cycle stability, high charge and discharge rate capabilities, and environmental friendliness [9]
The success of Ni/MH in powering hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) developed by a handful of1 attolerance, automobile manufacturers stems from its wide temperature range, cycle an estimated (ARPA-E) program has demonstrated a specific energy of 127 Whkgabuse the cellsuperb level with stability, ́high charge and discharge rate capabilities, and environmental friendliness [9]
Summary
Nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries are widely used in many energy storage applications. The success of Ni/MH in powering hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) developed by a handful of automobile manufacturers stems from its wide temperature range, abuse tolerance, superb cycle stability, high charge and discharge rate capabilities, and environmental friendliness [9]. The success of Ni/MH in powering hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) developed by a handful of attolerance, automobile manufacturers stems from its wide temperature range, cycle an estimated (ARPA-E) program has demonstrated a specific energy of 127 Whkgabuse the cellsuperb level with stability, ́high charge and discharge rate capabilities, and environmental friendliness [9]. They all share some common parts: positive electrode, negative electrolyte, case, and safety valve (except button and pouch cells).
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