Capacitar o utente hipocoagulado e família na gestão da doença: uma intervenção da Enfermagem Comunitária

Abstract

Introduction Brain and cardiovascular diseases require regular and specialized follow-up, including those pathologies that require oral anticoagulants, in order to reduce hospitalizations due to clinical decompensation, maintain the person active, and reduce their degree of dependence. This requires a professional/patient/family partnership in their management. This project was based on Dorothea Orem's Theory of Self-Care Deficit. Objective To train the hypocoagulated users and their families in disease management. Methods The health planning methodology was applied. The situation diagnosis was developed using questionnaires applied to the patient to validate their knowledge about disease management and a second one applied to the family to understand their knowledge about their relative's needs. The non-probability convenience sample was composed of 18 patients and 5 family members in the consultations performed during the internship period. Results The situation diagnosis revealed a deficit of knowledge about disease management: in self-care, therapeutic regimen, and their interaction, as well as a deficit of the family's role in monitoring their family member and perceiving their needs. Health education was used as a strategy to improve the problems identified through the empowerment of users and families. After intervention, there was an increase in knowledge in all the addressed points: self-care (92.85%), therapeutic regime and its interaction (85.71%). As for the family intervention, we found that participants are family members who live with hypocoagulated patients and have already taken over the role of caregiver. Conclusion This project contributed to the knowledge of hypocoagulated patients and family, through the intervention of community nursing, as well as the reflection on how to develop strategies with families, to empower them in the early detection of intervention in the self-care of their family member and in the management of family roles.