Abstract
Urban forest planning is necessary to avoid problems coming from the introduction of trees into urban spaces. Within the planning process, how space can be occupied on sidewalks is an important item to indicate which species can be planted according to the canopy characteristics . The objective of this study was to analyze morphometric indexes, to classify the growth pattern and to determine the canopy architecture of ten species planted in the urban forest of the cities Curitiba and Pinhais, Paraná, under conditions of free growth, without competition. The sampled species were characterized by the variables diameter at breast height, total height and canopy height and canopy radius in the north, south, east and west directions, which helped to characterize the morphometry of the species. The canopy architecture was classified according to structural models A 60% of crown ratio. Libidibia ferrea and Koelreuteria paniculata presented the greatest amplitude regarding the canopy form, between vertical elliptic, round and horizontal elliptic. Half of the species were fit in the canopy architecture model of the Koriba type, two in the Troll model and one in each of the D'Attim, Leeuwenberg and Mangenot types.
Highlights
The purpose of trees in cities has changed over time
The objectives of this study were to analyze the development, the morphometric dimensional relationships and the canopy architecture of ten tree species found in different types of urban forest in the municipalities of Curitiba and Pinhais, Paraná
For all the variables of interest, the species Lafoensia pacari was the one that presented the lowest results for the variation coefficient (TABLE 1), while the largest, except in DAP, were observed for Platanus x acerifolia
Summary
The purpose of trees in cities has changed over time. Initially the objective was to beautify the streets, houses and squares and, little by little, other environmental, social and economic benefits were noticed and valued. According to Mullaney, Lucke and Trueman (2014), these benefits are not fully available because the growth of trees on sidewalks is limited by root access to water, air and nutrients. These restrictions occur as a consequence of the rapid and disordered growth of most cities, making it difficult to elaborate and execute an adequate planning for the composition and growth of the urban forest (MARTINS et al, 2011; MONTEIRO et al, 2013), which many It is sometimes carried out by professionals with little knowledge, in addition to the scarcity of public policies for the sector. The urban forest, in its different typologies (parks, squares, residential gardens, afforestation of hunts and forest remnants) can bring several benefits, such as the regulation of the microclimate (LEAL; BIONDI; BATISTA, 2014), the improvement of air quality (VAILSHERY; JAGANMOHAN; NAGENDRA, 2013) and environmental comfort (MARTINI et al, 2013), which help to promote the population's quality of life
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