Canonical Ensemble Statistics of Weakly Interacting Composite Boson Condensation: Thermodynamic Properties

Abstract

We present a canonical ensemble approach for weakly interacting composite boson systems, which is confined with a finite number of particles. Composite bosons, made of fermion pairs, correlate to each other through the Coulomb interaction associated with the fermion exchange, and are treated perturbatively. We study Bose–Einstein condensation of composite bosons according to the specific heat capacity, the composite-boson distribution function, and the condensate fraction up to the first-order perturbations. As an example, we investigate two-dimensional confined excitons. The study shows that the fermion exchange tends to assist the exciton condensation by raising the temperature. This stabilization of the exciton condensation owing to the fermion exchange is characterized by a small trough in the specific heat capacity profile. As the temperature becomes higher than the transition temperature, the effective Coulomb interaction reduces the thermal fluctuation of excitons, leading to a negative correction to the specific heat capacity in the normal phase. Weakly interacting excitons stay in a more stable thermodynamic state in comparison with ideal exciton gases.