Abstract
Protein rich meal is a valuable co-product of canola/rapeseed oil extraction. Seed storage proteins that include cruciferin (11S) and napin (2S) dominate the protein complement of canola while oleosins, lipid transfer proteins and other minor proteins of non-storage nature are also found. Although oil-free canola meal contains 36–40% protein on a dry weight basis, non-protein components including fibre, polymeric phenolics, phytates and sinapine, etc . of the seed coat and cellular components make protein less suitable for food use. Separation of canola protein from non-protein components is a technical challenge but necessary to obtain full nutritional and functional potential of protein. Process conditions of raw material and protein preparation are critical of nutritional and functional value of the final protein product. The storage proteins of canola can satisfy many nutritional and functional requirements for food applications. Protein macromolecules of canola also provide functionalities required in applications beyond edible uses; there exists substantial potential as a source of plant protein and a renewable biopolymer. Available information at present is mostly based on the protein products that can be obtained as mixtures of storage protein types and other chemical constituents of the seed; therefore, full potential of canola storage proteins is yet to be revealed.
Highlights
During the last 35 years, the world production of canola/rapeseed has reached 6 times the production volume in 1980 (Fig. 1)
Food-grade canola protein products are described under commercial names Puratein r and SuperteinTM, and IsolexxTM
The levels of phytates depend on the conditions that lead to phytate partitioning between products; Puratein and SuperteinTM were reported as 0.12–0.32% and 3.35–3.84% total phytate levels, respectively (GRAS, 2010), 1.45% phytates in the cruciferin concentrate and non detectable levels in the napin isolate prepared according to Wanasundara and McIntosh (2013), and 0.44–1.1% phytic acid level of IsolexTM (EFSA, 2013)
Summary
During the last 35 years, the world production of canola/rapeseed (here after referred as canola) has reached 6 times the production volume in 1980 (Fig. 1). With the growing demand for protein, as a co-product of oil extraction, canola is well positioned to be a viable source of plant protein because of the volume of production and the nutritional and functional qualities of the protein. Environmental, demographic and economic issues we experience today highlight the advantages of direct use of plant proteins in human diet rather than converting them into animal proteins, and it is becoming a global trend as well as a need. In this context, canola has several advantages; abundance, nutritional compatibility, functional suitability, etc.
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