Abstract

The fragmentary but abundant Neanderthal remains from Krapina have long been considered to provide evidence for cannibalism in the early Upper Pleistocene. A review of the purported evidence for cannibalism at Krapina (craniocervical fragmentation, diaphyseal splitting, “cut-marks” patterned preservation and breakage, burnt bone, and disassociation of the skeletons) indicates that none of the damage patterns present in the Krapina Neanderthal sample can be explained solely as the products of cannibalism. Furthermore, the frequencies of skeletal part preservation indicate that the Krapina Neanderthals were buried, by natural or human processes, soon after death.

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