Abstract
Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. It was introduced into western medicine during the early 19th century. It contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents. More than 500 compounds have been reported from C. sativa, of which 125 cannabinoids have been isolated and/or identified as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are C21 terpeno-phenolic compounds specific to Cannabis. The non-cannabinoid constituents include: non-cannabinoid phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and others. This review discusses the chemistry of the cannabinoids and major non-cannabinoid constituents (terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids) with special emphasis on their chemical structures, methods of isolation, and identification.
Highlights
Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world
Cannabis sativa L. belongs to the plant family Cannabaceae, which only has one genus (Cannabis) with only one highly variable species, C. sativa
Molecules 2021, 26, 2774 (∆9 -THCV, 6) was isolated from a cannabis tincture of Pakistani origin, using the countercurrent distribution technique to isolate the compound from a light petroleum ether extract and its chemical structure was determined by IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy, and was confirmed by synthesis [14]
Summary
Cannabis sativa L. belongs to the plant family Cannabaceae, which only has one genus (Cannabis) with only one highly variable species, C. sativa. (∆9 -THCV, 6) was isolated from a cannabis tincture of Pakistani origin, using the countercurrent distribution technique to isolate the compound from a light petroleum ether extract and its chemical structure was determined by IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy, and was confirmed by synthesis [14]. In 2015, (−)-∆9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinal (∆9 -THC aldehyde, 10) was isolated from a high potency variety of C. sativa by applying VLC (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography), silica gel column chromatography, and HPLC chromatographic techniques and identified by 1D and 2D NMR [18]. Three additional cannabinoid-type compounds were isolated and identified in 2015, namely 8α-hydroxy-(−)-∆9 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (19), 8β-hydroxy-(−)-∆9 -trans-tetrahydro cannabinol (20), and 11-acetoxy-(−)-∆9 -transtetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (21) from high potency C. sativa.
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