Abstract
The protective effect of cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, against neuronal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2 10 μM) was investigated in a retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. CBD (1 μM) was applied 24 h before and removed during cadmium (Cd) treatment. In differentiated neuronal cells, CBD significantly reduced the Cd-dependent decrease of cell viability, and the rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase. CBD significantly prevented the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (GRP78 increase) and the subcellular distribution of the cytochrome C, as well as the overexpression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Immunocytochemical analysis as well as quantitative protein evaluation by western blotting revealed that CBD partially counteracted the depletion of the growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) and of the neuronal specific class III β-tubulin (β3 tubulin) induced by Cd treatment. These data showed that Cd-induced neuronal injury was ameliorated by CBD treatment and it was concluded that CBD may represent a potential option to protect neuronal cells from the detrimental effects of Cd toxicity.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition heavy metal, chemically similar to zinc and mercury, the two other metals in group 12, whose preferential oxidation state is +2
Our results undoubtedly showed an increment in BAX expression level after 24 h CdCl2 treatment, while both CBD and αTocopheryl acetate (αToco) pre-treatment showed a protective effect, preserving low BAX levels superimposable to control amounts
When retinoic acid (RA) differentiated SH-SY5Y were pre-treated with CBD or treated with CBD or αToco, the cytochrome C remained poorly labeled close to the nuclei as seen in αToco, the cytochrome C remained poorly labeled close to the nuclei as seen in control, untreated cells
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition heavy metal, chemically similar to zinc and mercury, the two other metals in group 12, whose preferential oxidation state is +2. As an important component of industrial processes such as metal plating, production of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments, plastics, and other synthetics, Cd has been seen as an occupational hazard [1]. Tobacco smoking, air pollution, and consumption of Cd-contaminated drinking water are the major sources of non-occupational Cd exposure [2,3]. If the primary route of exposure in industrial settings is inhalation of Cd-containing fumes, food and water are generally the largest sources of Cd exposure in a nonsmoker population [4]. Epidemiological and experimental studies have linked the occupational Cd exposure with lung cancer and other cancers such as the prostate, renal, liver, hematopoietic system, urinary bladder, pancreatic, testis, and stomach cancers [5,6,7].
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