Canine Rabies in the Brazil-Bolivia Border Region from 2006 to 2014.

Juliana Arena Galhardo,Lilian Oliveira Borges,Vitória Machado Neres Gonçalves,Bárbara Ribeiro Remonti,Danielle Ahad Das Neves,Natalia Trindade Azevedo Marques,Carla Silva De Azevedo

doi:10.5334/aogh.2334

Juliana Arena Galhardo, Lilian Oliveira Borges + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2334

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Abstract

Background:After 2006 the cross-border region between the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and the Germán Busch Province (Bolivia) became risk areas for canine rabies antigenic variant 1, previously unknown in the Brazilian territory.Objectives:To perform a descriptive analysis of canine rabies from 2006 to 2014, analyzing the database of the official rabies diagnostic laboratory of the State Agency of Animal and Plant Health Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul.Methods:A descriptive analysis of canine rabies from 2006 to 2014 was performed using the database of the official rabies diagnostic laboratory of the State Agency of Animal and Plant Health Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul. Location, time and residence status of the animals were analyzed. Monthly frequencies were calculated as the ratio of the number of positive samples to the total of sent samples and were then statistically compared.Findings:In the period, 539 samples of nervous system from dogs and cats were sent for rabies diagnosis, of which 37 (6.9%; CI95% 5.0–9.3) canine and no positive feline samples were found positive. Twenty-four (64.9%, CI95% 48.8–78.2) positive samples were from Bolivia and 13 (31.1%, CI95% 21.8–51.2) from Brazil. Most positive animals were owned. The years 2008 and 2009 showed the highest occurrence of canine rabies, with 18 cases recorded in 2008 and 6 in 2009 (17 in Bolivia and 7 in Brazil). Annual samples sent in Brazil presented a decreasing trend (R2 = 0.53) and, over the months, a higher concentration of samples was observed between May and August (R2 = 0.69). No annual or monthly trends were observed for Bolivian samples (R2 < 0.003).Conclusions:AgV1 canine rabies due to antigenic variant 1 is still considered an endemic disease in the Brazil-Bolivia border region, requiring an international One Health Approach to mitigate canine rabies in Latin America.

Highlights

Rabies is a transmissible viral encephalomyelitis, of a zoonotic nature caused by Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), belonging to the Order Mononegavirales, Family Rhabdoviridae and Genus Lyssavirus [1]
Considering the need to understand the epidemiological aspects of canine rabies transmission in the Brazil-Bolivia border, the aim of this work was to perform a descriptive analysis of canine rabies from 2006 to 2014, analyzing the database of the official rabies diagnostic laboratory of the State Agency of Animal and Plant Health Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul
In 2006, the municipality of Corumbá recorded the first case of AgV1 canine rabies, not detected in Brazil until [14]

Summary

Introduction

Rabies is a transmissible viral encephalomyelitis, of a zoonotic nature caused by Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), belonging to the Order Mononegavirales, Family Rhabdoviridae and Genus Lyssavirus [1]. There was a 98% reduction in canine cases – from 25,000 in 1980 to 400 in 2010 [6,7,8,9], but despite efforts to control rabies, outbreaks still persist in urban areas of Latin America, denoting failures in the surveillance system. According to the PAHO, Bolivia and Haiti have the worst conditions in urban rabies control compared to all Latin America countries. After 2006 the cross-border region between the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and the Germán Busch Province (Bolivia) became risk areas for canine rabies antigenic variant 1, previously unknown in the Brazilian territory. Conclusions: AgV1 canine rabies due to antigenic variant 1 is still considered an endemic disease in the Brazil-Bolivia border region, requiring an international One Health Approach to mitigate canine rabies in Latin America

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