Canine pericardial effusion — a veterinary nurse's guide

Abstract

Pericardial effusion is an emergency that all veterinary nurses (VN) in a variety of roles may encounter. It is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardium, acute or chronic. There are both acquired and congenital causes, but pericardial effusion is most common in male, large/giant breed dogs. It is paramount that the VN has knowledge of the pathophysiology, presenting clinical signs and management so they can best advise the client, care for the patient (to include triage and monitoring), and assist the veterinary surgeon during pericardiocentesis.