Abstract
The oncolytic effect of Canine Parvovirus ns1 gene and Chicken Anemia vp3 gene in naturally occurring cases of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is being reported. Dogs suffering from CTVT (N = 18) were systematically randomized into three groups viz. A, B, and C (n = 6). Animals of the groups A, B, and C received 100 µg of the ns1 gene, vp3 gene, and ns1 + vp3 gene combination, respectively, for three weeks intratumorally at weekly intervals; results were normalized against base values before commencement of therapy and after complete remission that were taken as negative and positive controls, respectively. Initiation of oncolytic gene therapy arrested the further progression of the tumor but most of the animals in the study underwent incomplete remission, indicating incomplete activity of ns1 and vp3 genes. The oncolytic effect of the treatments was in the order ns1 > vp3 > ns1 + vp3. Oncolysis was accompanied by decreased mitotic index and AgNOR count, and increased TUNEL positive cells and CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Our findings show that Canine Parvovirus ns1 may eventually find an important role as an oncolytic agent.
Highlights
Oncolytic viruses replicate preferentially in cancer cells and kill them at the end of the replication cycle
Upon expression in normal cells, apoptin is accumulated in the cytoplasm whereas in cancer cells, it is targeted to the nucleus where it elicits its lethal effects[4]
The apoptosis-inducing activity of parvoviruses was mapped to the non-structural protein-1,2 of minute virus of mice (MVM) and ns[1] of parvovirus B195
Summary
The oncolytic effect of Canine Parvovirus ns[1] gene and Chicken Anemia vp[3] gene in naturally occurring cases of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is being reported. Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is an extremely simple DNA virus that encodes one to two early products and a limited number of late structural proteins It lacks mechanisms for inducing S phase and replicates only in proliferating host cells. Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is the most common cancer of dogs in many parts of the world. We report the comparative oncolytic effects of Canine Parvovirus ns[1] gene and Chicken Anemia vp[3] gene on CTVT. To the best of our knowledge and belief, this is the first study on the use of oncolytic viruses against CTVT
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