Abstract
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are common canine cancers with variable demographic and clinical presentations. Their pathological characterization and treatment lag far behind those of humans. We describe consecutive lymphoma patients detected over a one-year period at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Of 4,512 dogs: 220 (4.9%) had a cancer diagnosis, of which 27 (0.6%) had lymphoma (12% of cancer patients). We found an association with Miniature Schnauzers, which represented 18.5% (5/27) of lymphoma patients, but it was only 6.4% (288/4,512) of the dogs studied in this time period (p < 0.011). Miniature Schnauzers and mongrels together constituted nearly half of lymphoma cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years (3-14), with a female to male ratio of 1.7:1. We found no correlation between lymphoma and castration status. Most patients presented nodal involvement (80%), were in advanced stages III/IV (90%) and had B-cell versus T-cell tumors (64%/36%). Only two histopathological patterns were seen, both with diffuse nodal-replacement by large immunoblast and/or centroblast-like cells; one having numerous tingible-body macrophages which are suggestive of a high proliferative rate. Chemotherapy was given to 15 patients (65%) with an overall response of 73% (3 complete responses/8 partial responses) and a mean overall survival of 219 days (4-586; SD±185). One cutaneous lymphoma-patient achieved partial response (PR) with lomustine/prednisone, and treatment was still ongoing at 548 days. Earlier diagnosis, better lymphoma subtype distinction, and specific curative treatments are needed.
Highlights
Lymphomas are a group of diverse monoclonal neoplasms that originate from B, T, or natural killer (NK) lymphocytes at different stages of maturation.[1,2] As a group, lymphomas represent one of the most common tumors in dogs, comprising between 7-24% of all tumors and 83-90% of hematological cancers.[3]
Different types of B, T or NK-cell lymphomas are treated by tailored chemotherapy protocols, which should ideally be the case for dogs.[10]
There was a higher incidence in females (17 dogs) than in males (10 dogs) and we found a slight female predominance
Summary
Lymphomas are a group of diverse monoclonal neoplasms that originate from B, T, or natural killer (NK) lymphocytes at different stages of maturation.[1,2] As a group, lymphomas represent one of the most common tumors in dogs, comprising between 7-24% of all tumors and 83-90% of hematological cancers.[3]. T-cell lymphoma respond less favorably and generally have a worse prognosis.[8,9] In humans, different types of B, T or NK-cell lymphomas are treated by tailored chemotherapy protocols, which should ideally be the case for dogs.[10] We present demographic and clinical information on canine lymphoma in a referral center in Mexico. It provides further insight into our patient population and points areas to improve its diagnosis and clinical management
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