Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca: an overview

Abstract

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a relatively common condition in dogs, which is caused by a deficiency of the aqueous component of the tear film. The most common cause is immune-mediated disease but other aetiologies include neurogenic, congenital, endocrine and infectious disease, drug-induced, iatrogenic, evisceration/prosthesis and irradiation. Diagnosis is made by performing a Schirmer Tear Test. Clinical signs include ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperaemia, a tenacious mucopurulent ocular discharge and a lacklustre appearance to the corneal surface. Topical medication forms the mainstay of treatment but in refractory cases surgical intervention should be considered. This article gives an up-to-date overview into the management of canine KCS.