Abstract
BackgroundIn 2008, an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in monkeys was reported in China. We isolated CDV strain (subsequently named Monkey-BJ01-DV) from lung tissue obtained from a rhesus monkey that died in this outbreak. We evaluated the ability of this virus on Vero cells expressing SLAM receptors from dog, monkey and human origin, and analyzed the H gene of Monkey-BJ01-DV with other strains.ResultsThe Monkey-BJ01-DV isolate replicated to the highest titer on Vero cells expressing dog-origin SLAM (105.2±0.2 TCID50/ml) and monkey-origin SLAM (105.4±0.1 TCID50/ml), but achieved markedly lower titers on human-origin SLAM cells (103.3±0.3 TCID50/ml). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length H gene showed that Monkey-BJ01-DV was highly related to other CDV strains obtained during recent CDV epidemics among species of the Canidae family in China, and these Monkey strains CDV (Monkey-BJ01-DV, CYN07-dV, Monkey-KM-01) possessed a number of amino acid specific substitutions (E276V, Q392R, D435Y and I542F) compared to the H protein of CDV epidemic in other animals at the same period.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the monkey origin-CDV-H protein could possess specific substitutions to adapt to the new host. Monkey-BJ01-DV can efficiently use monkey- and dog-origin SLAM to infect and replicate in host cells, but further adaptation may be required for efficient replication in host cells expressing the human SLAM receptor.
Highlights
In 2008, an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in monkeys was reported in China
signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is a main receptor for morbilliviruses, each morbillivirus preferentially uses the SLAM of its host animals, as the specific residues within SLAM responsible for mediating interactions with the Canine distemper virus (CDV)-H protein can vary by species [12]
The results showed that dog, monkey, and human SLAM was expressed on the surface of the resulting cell lines (46.5 %, 45.7 % and 45 %, respectively) but not on the empty vectortransfected Vero cells (Fig. 1)
Summary
In 2008, an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in monkeys was reported in China. We evaluated the ability of this virus on Vero cells expressing SLAM receptors from dog, monkey and human origin, and analyzed the H gene of Monkey-BJ01-DV with other strains. Host cell infection initiates with viral binding to receptor proteins on the surface of cells. SLAM is a main receptor for morbilliviruses, each morbillivirus preferentially uses the SLAM of its host animals, as the specific residues within SLAM responsible for mediating interactions with the CDV-H protein can vary by species [12]. We evaluated the replication capacity of a CDV isolate obtained from a naturally infected monkey on Vero cells expressing dog, monkey, or human SLAM receptor proteins to better understand how CDV-H protein receptor specificity affects host range restriction
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