Candidate Vaccines and Therapeutics against Monkeypox Infection

Abstract

While human beings are still facing the challenges of the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a new viral disease, monkeypox raises concerns among healthcare authorities about this new threat. Since May 2022, thousands of people have been affected by a continuous monkeypox outbreak linked to close contact transmission in numbers of nonendemic nations. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not yet approved any medications to treat monkeypox in humans. However, medications created for smallpox patients, such as antivirals and other medical countermeasures, might also be effective against monkeypox. Tecovirimat (TPOXX), brincidofovir, cidofovir antivirals and Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous (VIGIV) are the medical countermeasures for the treatment of monkeypox. The second and third generations of smallpox vaccinations have been developed after many years of research. Some of these vaccines may also be beneficial for monkeypox. Three vaccinations, MVA-BN, LC16, or ACAM2000 can be used for monkeypox. Two of these (MVA-BN and LC16) have received approval for the purpose of preventing monkeypox. Considering the current vaccine shortage, widespread immunisation is not advised. Therefore, prevention is the best policy to keep everyone safe. The current review highlights the treatment available for the management of monkeypox. It also reviewed the preventive measures that human beings should take to protect themselves from monkeypox infection.