Abstract
Early detection, prognosis, and management of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain a challenge. Histological examination of renal tissue still comprises the only way to confirm an IgAN diagnosis. It is of great importance to establish noninvasive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers that would improve the clinical care and outcome of patients suffering from IgAN. This review summarises the findings from previous mass spectrometry- (MS-) based studies dedicated to the discovery of urinary peptide profiles specific to IgAN. There is a substantial number of urinary peptides that have been discovered to date, which show promise as biomarkers of IgAN; however, all of them require further, rigorous validation in well-planned studies, involving a large number of subjects who represent diverse and numerous populations.
Highlights
IgA nephropathy (IgAN, Berger’s disease) is one of the most predominant variants of primary glomerular disease, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a great proportion of patients [1]
Many previous studies have shown that the urinary peptide profiles of IgAN patients differ significantly both from those suffering from other chronic renal diseases and from other healthy controls [6,7,8]
We summarise the current state of the literature regarding urinary peptide profile “specific” for IgA nephropathy, originating from previous mass spectrometrybased studies
Summary
IgA nephropathy (IgAN, Berger’s disease) is one of the most predominant variants of primary glomerular disease, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a great proportion of patients (approximately 30–40%) [1]. Developing a reliable, clinically useful, urine peptide biomarker/biomarker panel, with the use of mass spectrometry, is not trivial, mostly due to the strong interlaboratory variation in experimental design (e.g., size and composition of cohorts), sample collection (e.g., first versus second morning urine), sample processing (different strategies to isolate urine peptides), and data analysis (various MS platforms and data analysis tools). All of this leads to incomparable datasets and an inability to conduct a meta-analysis to validate the candidate biomarkers [9]. We discuss some of the critical variables that can markedly influence the peptide profile of urinary specimens and confound data interpretation
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