Abstract
Over the past 20 years most of the efforts in HIV vaccinedevelopment have focused on sterilizing immunity bytargeting the Envelope protein (Env). However, resultsfrom preclinical and clinical trials have been largelydisappointing [1–11]. Therefore, current vaccine strat-egies are not only aimed at preventing virus infection butalso at blocking virus replication and disease onset. Inparticular, the control of virus replication should provideprotection from disease development and reduce virustransmission, halting the HIV epidemic. This objectivemay be achieved by targeting virus regulatory genes,which are expressed early after infection, are essential forvirus replication and pathogenesis, and are moreconserved among HIV clades. This approach may beeffective for both preventive and therapeutic vaccinestrategies [12–68]. In this article we review thecharacteristics of Tat and why it was selected for use in avaccine.Wealsocitethelessonlearnedinthedevelopmentof this anti-Tat vaccine for use in human clinical trials.
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