Abstract
The last century has witnessed rapid domestication of the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a grain legume crop, exploiting discovered alleles conferring low-alkaloid content (iucundus), vernalization independence (Ku and Julius), and reduced pod shattering (lentus and tardus). In this study, a L. angustifolius mapping population was subjected to massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE). The MACE yielded 4185 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for linkage map improvement and 30,595 transcriptomic profiles for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. The eQTL highlighted a high number of cis- and trans-regulated alkaloid biosynthesis genes with gene expression orchestrated by a regulatory agent localized at iucundus locus, supporting the concept that ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RAP2-7 may control low-alkaloid phenotype. The analysis of Ku shed light on the vernalization response via FLOWERING LOCUS T and FD regulon in L. angustifolius, providing transcriptomic evidence for the contribution of several genes acting in C-repeat binding factor (CBF) cold responsiveness and in UDP-glycosyltransferases pathways. Research on lentus selected a DUF1218 domain protein as a candidate gene controlling the orientation of the sclerified endocarp and a homolog of DETOXIFICATION14 for purplish hue of young pods. An ABCG transporter was identified as a hypothetical contributor to sclerenchyma fortification underlying tardus phenotype.
Highlights
The narrow-leafed lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L., is a grain legume crop, appreciated as an organic fertilizer that improves soil structure and productivity, as well as providing a source of protein for human and animals
The massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE) protocol was applied for 89 RILs and for parental lines of L. angustifolius mapping population (83A:476 × P27255), yielding 11,864 markers
There were 4185 MACE markers retained after application of total missing data threshold, followed by inference of consensus segregation for genes represented by several
Summary
The narrow-leafed lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L., is a grain legume crop, appreciated as an organic fertilizer that improves soil structure and productivity, as well as providing a source of protein for human and animals. This species has witnessed rapid domestication during the last century. Several important agronomic traits have been identified and transferred into improved germplasm [1] These traits include, among others, vernalization independence (overlapping loci Ku and Julius), low-alkaloid content (iucundus), reduced pod shattering (tardus and lentus), soft seededness (mollis), white flower color (leucospermus) and anthracnose resistance (Lanr). Natural dominant mutation in the so-called Ku or Julius loci diminished the need of vernalization and enabled temperature-independent sowing of L. angustifolius [4]
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