Abstract
Candida auris was first reported in an ear swab from Japan in 2009; it then promptly spread over five continents and turned into a global nosocomial problem. The main challenges faced by many researchers are the mis-identification by conventional methods in clinical laboratories and failure in treatment. About 90% of C. auris strains are intrinsically resistant to fluconazole (FLU), and it is developing resistance to multiple classes of available antifungals. Echinocandins are the most potent class of antifungals against C. auris; however, reduced susceptibility to one or many echinocandin drugs has been recently observed. Thus, the main issues addressed in this paper are the fast and accurate identification of C. auris derived from Sabouraud dextrose agar and blood culture bottles as well as the rapid antifungal susceptibility test by MALDI-TOF MS. This study successfully identified all isolates of C. auris (n = 50) by MALDI-TOF MS, with an average log score of ≥ 2. An accuracy of 100% was found on both agar plate and blood culture bottles. MALDI Biotyper antibiotic susceptibility test-rapid assay (MBT ASTRA) was used for rapid antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). A comparison between MBT ASTRA and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) detected a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98% for anidulafungin, and 100% and 95.5% for micafungin, respectively. A categorical agreement of 98% and 96% was calculated for the two methods. For caspofungin, sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 73% were found, respectively, with a categorical agreement of 82%. MBT ASTRA has the great potential to detect C. auris isolates non-susceptible against echinocandin antifungals within 6 h, which makes it a promising candidate for AFST in clinical laboratories in the future.
Highlights
Candida auris is a recently-emerged Candida species first isolated from human samples of the external ear in Japan in 2009 (Satoh et al, 2009), and had spread to more than 30 countries in < 10 years (Saris et al, 2018)
This study investigated the identification of 50 C. auris isolates by MALDI-TOF MS, suggested Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) microdilution cut-offs and evaluated MBT ASTRA for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) on echinocandin
A total of 50 C. auris isolates were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS with an accuracy of 100% when cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and isolated from positive blood cultures
Summary
Candida auris is a recently-emerged Candida species first isolated from human samples of the external ear in Japan in 2009 (Satoh et al, 2009), and had spread to more than 30 countries in < 10 years (Saris et al, 2018). C. auris is primarily detected in patients with a long period of hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) It causes diseases ranging from superficial skin infections to invasive bloodstream infections (BSI) with high mortality rates (30% to 60%) (Vincent et al, 2009; Chowdhary et al, 2016, 2017; Prakash et al, 2016; Cortegiani et al, 2018; Ruiz-Gaitán et al, 2018). Considering the MDR propensity of this yeast the treatment of C. auris remains a challenge as its identification in the routine microbiology laboratories (Ben-Ami et al, 2017; Spivak and Hanson, 2018). Identification and antifungal susceptibility tests for C. auris infection remain a challenge in the clinical microbiology setting
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