Abstract
The emergence of Candida auris is considered as one of the most serious problems associated with nosocomial transmission and with infection control practices in hospital environment. This multidrug resistant species is rapidly spreading worldwide, with several described outbreaks. Until now, this species has been isolated from different hospital surfaces, where it can survive for long periods. There are multiple unanswered questions regarding C. auris, such as prevalence in population, environmental contamination, effectiveness of infection prevention and control, and impact on patient mortality. In order to understand how it spreads and discover possible reservoirs, it is essential to know the ecology, natural environment, and distribution of this species. It is also important to explore possible reasons to this recent emergence, namely the environmental presence of azoles or the possible effect of climate change on this sudden emergence. This review aims to discuss some of the most challenging issues that we need to have in mind in the management of C. auris and to raise the awareness to its presence in specific indoor environments as hospital settings.
Highlights
Infections caused by yeasts belonging to Candida genus are classified as candidiasis
From 150 Candida species described, some are a part of our normal microbiota and only 10% are known to be responsible for infections in humans, being C. albicans, the most frequent etiological agent [1]
C. albicans is the most frequent species causing invasive candidiasis in human patients, in the last decade, a wide range of non-albicans species have progressively been rising as emergent human pathogens, mainly C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis and Pichia kudriavzevii [2,3]
Summary
Infections caused by yeasts belonging to Candida genus are classified as candidiasis (includes candidemia). C. albicans is the most frequent species causing invasive candidiasis in human patients, in the last decade, a wide range of non-albicans species have progressively been rising as emergent human pathogens, mainly C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis and Pichia kudriavzevii (former C. krusei) [2,3]. Reports of C. auris infections, including fungemia, wound infections and otitis, have been most commonly identified [6] Until now, this species has been associated with hospital environment, being found in several different hospital surfaces, where it can survive for long periods. This species has been associated with hospital environment, being found in several different hospital surfaces, where it can survive for long periods This multidrug resistant species is rapidly spreading worldwide, with several described outbreaks. This review aims to discuss some of the most challenging issues that should be the focus in the management of C. auris
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