Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in the world has nearly tripled since 1975. Obesity clearly known as risk factor for various diseases, including many types of cancer. This study aims to determine the obesity attributable fraction (OAF) of seven cancers based on the relative risk of esophageal cancer, colorectal, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, prostate and kidney cancer and also to estimate the burden of cancer caused by obesity with disability adjusted life years (DALY) indicator. This study is a descriptive epidemiological study with prevalence-based method, which the prevalence data obtained from Indonesian National Health Insurance (BPJS) 2016. The OAF is calculated by combining both data of obesity prevalence and relative risk and the DALY indicator is calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and the equivalent healthy years lost due to disability (YLD). Based on OAF calculation, three highest proportions OAF in men were in colorectal cancer (6.02%), kidney (4.91%) and pancreatic cancer (4.55%), while in women were from kidney cancer (13.92%), endometrial (12.63%) and colorectal cancer (7.49%). Meanwhile the burden priorities of cancer by obesity in Indonesia were come from colon cancer (23,051), ovarian cancer (21.911), and pancreatic cancer (4,564). Burden of cancer attributable to obesity in Indonesia mostly related to digestive organ and high prevalence in female population. It is the impact of life changes and less activity due to globalization. All cancers attributable to obesity should be considered and have to controlled by the government through health programs and policies.
Highlights
Obesity is a health problem that is increasing in almost all parts of the world (Rapp et al, 2005)
This study aims to determine the obesity attributable fraction (OAF) of seven cancers based on the relative risk of esophageal cancer, colorectal, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, prostate and kidney cancer and to estimate the burden of cancer caused by obesity with disability adjusted life years (DALY) indicator
The OAF is calculated by combining both data of obesity prevalence and relative risk and the DALY indicator is calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and the equivalent healthy years lost due to disability (YLD)
Summary
Obesity is a health problem that is increasing in almost all parts of the world (Rapp et al, 2005). According to WHO, a person who has 25-29.9 kg/m2 of BMI is classified as overweight and someone who has ≥30 kg/m2 of BMI is classified as obese. According to the WHO report on February 2018, the prevalence of obesity in the world has nearly tripled since 1975. By 2016, there are more than 1.8 billion adults aged >18 in the world were classified as overweight and obese. Indonesia is one of the top ten countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in the world (Ng et al, 2014). The results of Indonesia National Basic Health Research in 2013, the prevalence of obesity in the male population was 19.7%, while the prevalence of obesity was 32.9% of adult females
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