Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are specific tumour populations playing important roles in tumour initiation, progression, and resistance to conventional therapies. Their involvement in processes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition makes them crucial players in metastasis. Traditional therapies often fall short in targeting CSCs due to their quiescent nature during treatments and their adaptability, such as increased resistance post-radiotherapy. CSC antigen heterogeneity also poses challenges to targeted therapy. Examples of CSC-targeting approaches are CAR-T cells and oncolytic viruses, discussed in this paper. Stem cells, present promising avenues for CSC-targeted therapies due to their potential as immune progenitor cells and inherent attraction to CSCs. This review provides an overview of the roles of CSCs in cancer, some examples CSC-targeted cell therapies, the potential of stem cells in these therapies, and the challenges and future directions in this critical area of cancer research.
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