Cancer situation in Latin America and its public policies

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean presents a worrisome growth, with forecasts of increased incidence and mortality. Factors such as population aging, changes in lifestyles, and inequalities in access to medical care complicate its management. Prevention, early detection and adequate treatment are essential, requiring effective public policies and concerted action among various social and health actors.Methodology: A literature review focused on the situation of cancer in Latin America, examining the implementation of public policies in the region. Documents published since 2019, in three languages, were reviewed, identifying practices and lessons learned in the prevention and early detection of cancer, mainly breast cancer.Results: Latin America faces an increasing cancer burden due to demographic, epidemiological and lifestyle factors. Prevention and early detection efforts vary significantly across the region, with some countries implementing national cancer plans. However, significant challenges exist in financing, equitable access to health services, and comprehensive care.Conclusions: It is crucial to develop comprehensive public policies that address the social determinants of health, promote healthy lifestyles, and ensure equitable access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services. The participation of all sectors of society, including citizens, is fundamental for effective cancer management in the region. The implementation of evidence-based programs and the strengthening of health systems are essential to address this public health challenge.