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Abstract
A review was conducted of screening strategies for detecting the main cancer sites for which screening has been recommended, assessing WHO and other international organizations' positions, as well as the requirements of Cuba's cancer control strategy. Universally, screening is recommended for cervical, breast and colorectal cancer, all included in the Cuban strategy. Additionally, in Cuba, PSA testing is indicated for men considered at risk (aged >45 years with family history) and those aged >50 years who request it; annual oral exams and teaching of oral self-examination are recommended for the entire population; and for adults aged >35 years, active annual oral cancer case finding. Screening for skin cancer is performed by physical examination of individuals at risk. To maximize benefits of early cancer detection, greater coverage is needed as well as studies of how well screening is performing under current Cuban conditions.
Highlights
A national cancer control program is a public health program designed to reduce cancer incidence and mortality and improve cancer patients’ quality of life, through systematic and equitable implementation of evidence-based strategies for prevention, early detection, treatment and palliative care, making the best possible use of available resources.[1]Early detection is based on diagnosis early in a cancer’s development, in pre-symptomatic stages, when treatment is more likely to be effective
The system must have WKH UHVRXUFHV WR GHOLYHU VFUHHQLQJ WR D VXI¿FLHQWO\ ODUJH SURSRUWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQWRREWDLQWKHH[SHFWHGEHQH¿WVDQGLWPXVW have the capacity to provide subsequent diagnosis, treatment and followup. In developing such screening strategies, WHO recommends that national cancer control programs should not impose the advanced technologies of high-income countries on countries with more limited resources
WHO recognizes that screening with sigmoidoscopy and annual fecal occult blood testing reduces mortality from colorectal cancer and emphasizes the QHHGIRUKLJKHUSRSXODWLRQFRYHUDJHWRREWDLQJUHDWHUEHQH¿WVLQ proportion to costs generated.[1,2]
Summary
A national cancer control program is a public health program designed to reduce cancer incidence and mortality and improve cancer patients’ quality of life, through systematic and equitable implementation of evidence-based strategies for prevention, early detection, treatment and palliative care, making the best possible use of available resources.[1]Early detection is based on diagnosis early in a cancer’s development, in pre-symptomatic stages, when treatment is more likely to be effective. A total of 64,144 mammograms were performed, of which 25,420 were to screen women aged 50–64 years, only 2.6% coverage (data from Form 241-434-03, National Breast Cancer Control Program 2013, Statistical Information System, MINSAP).
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