Cancer of the rectum—palliative endoscopic treatment

Abstract

Three methods of palliative endoscopic treatment of malignant strictures of the rectum are presented: laser therapy and its combination with the implantation of either plastic prostheses, or self-expanding metal stents. The aim of all procedures is to avoid a colostomy at least in older patients with shorter life expectancy and incurable tumours. The additional application of a stent maintains the luminal patency and prevents the repetition of laser therapy. Since 1988 we have treated 60 patients with these techniques. First, two to six sessions of laser therapy were necessary for recanalization of the stenosis. In the time following this the patients returned two to eight times for regular laser therapy before they died from the carcinoma. In spite of laser therapy one patient developed an obstruction and another suffered from an iatrogenic perforation of the rectal cancer. In both cases a stoma was fashioned. To avoid repetitive laser sessions we successfully inserted a plastic endoprosthesis in seven cases. In another two cases the implantation failed because of perforation and the patients had to undergo surgery. For the next 10 cases we have used flexible self-expanding metal stents. Serious complications or signs of re-obstruction were not observed until the patients' death. The survival time ranged from 2 to 25 months.