Abstract
Nanomaterials with unique size and integrated features allow novel mechanisms for cancer therapy, so nanomedicine offers more possibilities for effective and safe cancer treatment. However, inefficient tumor delivery remains a major challenge in the clinic. In this commentary, we first discuss new designs of nanomedicine to increase tumor accumulation by active targeting strategies. Nanomedicine can be used to improve active targeting via ligand-receptor binding, cell penetration, or specific cell membrane coating, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. In addition, immune cells are demonstrated as an important component in tumors, and play a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis, here we address tumor-targeting nanomedicine provide unique approaches to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote antitumor immune responses.
Highlights
Cancer nanomedicine was originally developed for more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into tumor, and has been extensively employed as a therapeutic for cancer treatment owing to its unique features in drug delivery, diagnosis and imaging, as well as the therapeutic nature of some nanomaterials themselves [1,2]
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been considered as the major discipline for development of cancer nanomedicine [3]
Taking advantage of molecular markers overexpressing on tumor tissues compared to normal cells, incorporating specific ligands or antibodies should be considered to promote nanoparticle accumulation in solid tumors
Summary
Cancer nanomedicine was originally developed for more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into tumor, and has been extensively employed as a therapeutic for cancer treatment owing to its unique features in drug delivery, diagnosis and imaging, as well as the therapeutic nature of some nanomaterials themselves [1,2]. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been considered as the major discipline for development of cancer nanomedicine [3]. By this way, nanomedicines can passively accumulate in tumor due to the large interendothelial gaps and the absence of lymphatic drainage [4,5]. Besides passive accumulation by EPR effect, nanomaterials can integrate novel mechanisms for active tumor-targeted delivery. In this commentary, we discuss mainly the development of nanomedicine that increase tumor accumulation by active targeting strategies, and further reverse tumor immune environment to promote cancer immunotherapy
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