Abstract
The response of cells to different types of electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level (athermal) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure associated with mobile phone technologies. There are many examples of biological effects involving the epigenome. EMF could trigger protein activation mediated by ligands, such as Ca2+, that alter the conformation of binding proteins, especially the NADPH plasmic membrane oxidase, so inducing increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may alter proteomic functions. Classical antiapoptotic and procarcinogenic signaling mechanisms that are commonly found activated in human malignancies and in inflammation mainly involve the transcription factor NF-κB. The microenvironment that exists during chronic inflammation can contribute to cancer progression. The data support the proposition that long term HF-EMF exposure caused by improper use of cell phones may potentially cause cancer.
Highlights
Global system for mobile communication (GSM), which being used in most of the countries, has a frequency of either 900 or 1800 MHz
The response of cells to different types of electromagnetic fields can be induced by low-level high frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) exposure associated with mobile phone technologies
Since it was discovered in the 19th century, chronic inflammation has been proven to be involved both at the initiation/promotion and progression phases of carcinogenesis [9]
Summary
Global system for mobile communication (GSM), which being used in most of the countries, has a frequency of either 900 or 1800 MHz. Inflammation is part of the defense response, paradoxically it can lead to important health disorders Since it was discovered in the 19th century, chronic inflammation has been proven to be involved both at the initiation/promotion and progression phases of carcinogenesis [9]. This is mainly due to the fact that inflammatory response is followed by a proliferative cellular effect in tissus (basal cell hyperplasia, papillary elongation) [10]. An office workers cohort with high EMF exposure showed a cancer increase, with a high risk of malignant melanoma. Several reports have indicated that EMFs enhance free radical activity in cells via the Fenton reaction [15,16]
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