Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Asia based on regions and human development index levels: an analyses from GLOBOCAN 2020

Abstract

Objective As Asian countries transition socially and economically to higher Human Development Index (HDI) levels, cancer trends are expected to shift to those seen in the Western World. A strong correlation also exists between HDI levels and age-standardized rates (ASR) for the incidence and mortality of cancer. However, there are very few reports on the trends in Asian countries, particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). In this study, we have investigated the relationship between socioeconomic developments in Asia (determined using HDI levels of countries) and cancer incidence and mortality in these nations. Methods The GLOBOCAN 2020 database was used to study the cancer incidence and mortality data for all cancers combined and those most commonly diagnosed in Asia. The difference in data was analyzed based on region and HDI level. Further, the predictions for cancer incidence and mortality in 2040 according to the GLOBOCAN 2020 were analyzed using the updated HDI stratification described in the UNDP 2020 report. Results Asia has the highest cancer burden compared to the other regions worldwide. Lung cancer carries the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates in the region. Inequitable distribution of cancer incidence and mortality is seen across regions and HDI levels in Asia. Conclusions Inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality can only be expected to increase unless innovative and cost-effective interventions are urgently implemented. An effective cancer management plan is needed in Asia, particularly in LMICs, prioritizing effective cancer prevention and control measures for health systems.