Cancer Incidence and Incidence Rates in Japan in 2003: Based on Data from 13 Population-based Cancer Registries in the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan (MCIJ) Project

Abstract

The Japan Cancer Surveillance Research Group is involved in cancer monitoring in Japan (1–3). This group estimated the cancer incidence in 2003 as part of the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan (MCIJ) project, on the basis of data collected from 13 of 31 population-based cancer registries: Miyagi, Yamagata, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Fukui, Shiga, Osaka, Tottori, Okayama, Hiroshima, Saga and Nagasaki. If data from all 31 registries were used, this would have led to a large underestimation of national cancer incidence because of under-registration. The methods of registry selection, estimation of incidence and the limitations of these methods have been explained in previous studies (4–6). There were two major methodologic changes in the present study: (i) this was the first time we invited all 31 population-based cancer registries in Japan to participate, and from these we selected the 13 cancer registries with high-quality data in order to estimate the national incidence, and (ii) in consideration of timeliness, we did not apply the moving average which calculates the annual mean incidence rates of a year by using preceding and following years, and we used 2003 data alone for the national estimation. Because of the enlargement of the coverage area, Hiroshima prefecture was newly selected as one of the registries with high-quality data for the national estimation, but the other registries remained since the previous estimations. In 2007, we estimated incidences with and without the moving average based on the same registry data to compare the two methods. In conclusion, the estimated incidence without the moving average was comparatively unstable from year to year, but the gaps of the incidence numbers between the two estimations were subtle. These new methods therefore do not bring about changes in the estimated incidence numbers. The number of incidences, crude rates, age-standardized rates and completeness of registration in 2003 are shown in Table 1, and the age-specific number of incidences and the rates according to sex and primary site are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The total number of incidences in Japan for 2003 was estimated as 620 011 (C00–C96). The time trends of age-standardized incidence rates for the five major sites and maleand female-specific sites in 1975–2003 are shown in Fig. 1 (standard population: the world population) and in Fig. 2 (standard population: the 1985 Japanese model population). The leading cancer site according to the crude and age-standardized incidence rates was the stomach for men and breast for women, as shown in Figs 1 and 2. The apparent increase in age-standardized incidence rates in 2003 is considered to be caused primarily by the development of hospital-based cancer registry in designated cancer care hospitals. The estimated cancer incidence data in Japan by sex, site, 5-year age group and calendar year during the period 1975–2003 are available as a booklet (7) and as an electronic database on the website (http://ganjoho.ncc.go.jp/ professional/statistics/statistics.html).