Abstract
AbstractCancer biomarkers allow diagnosis, risk assessment, monitoring disease progression, and prediction of therapeutic response in oncology. Different forms and types of cancer biomarkers exist and it covers a broad range of biochemical entities including DNA, miRNA, cirRNA, and proteins. The advances in high-throughput technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have generated great opportunities for the discovery of new and effective cancer biomarkers. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer cells, it is difficult to identify the clinically useful precise cancer biomarkers. Multiomics data analyses using a systems approach play a vital role in the discovery of cancer biomarkers. In this chapter, a brief classification system for cancer biomarkers has been provided according to their biochemical nature and based on clinical utility along with the application of recent high-throughput approaches used in cancer biomarker discovery. Several databases and bioinformatics tools applied in cancer biomarker discovery have been mentioned. In summary, different cancer biomarker types, omics approaches used for cancer biomarker discovery, and dedicated cancer-related databases and tools have been discussed.
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