Abstract
Consumption of dietary pulses, including beans, peas and lentils, is recommended by health authorities across jurisdictions for their nutritional value and effectiveness in helping to prevent and manage major diet-related illnesses of significant socioeconomic burden. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential annual healthcare and societal cost savings relevant to rates of reduction in complications from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) following a low glycemic index (GI) or high fiber diet that includes pulses, or 100 g/day pulse intake in Canada, respectively. A four-step cost-of-illness analysis was conducted to: (1) estimate the proportions of individuals who are likely to consume pulses; (2) evaluate the reductions in established risk factors for T2D and CVD; (3) assess the percent reduction in incidences or complications of the diseases of interest; and (4) calculate the potential annual savings in relevant healthcare and related costs. A low GI or high fiber diet that includes pulses and 100 g/day pulse intake were shown to potentially yield Can$6.2 (95% CI $2.6–$9.9) to Can$62.4 (95% CI $26–$98.8) and Can$31.6 (95% CI $11.1–$52) to Can$315.5 (95% CI $110.6–$520.4) million in savings on annual healthcare and related costs of T2D and CVD, respectively. Specific provincial/territorial analyses suggested annual T2D and CVD related cost savings that ranged from up to Can$0.2 million in some provinces to up to Can$135 million in others. In conclusion, with regular consumption of pulse crops, there is a potential opportunity to facilitate T2D and CVD related socioeconomic cost savings that could be applied to Canadian healthcare or re-assigned to other priority domains. Whether these potential cost savings will be offset by other healthcare costs associated with longevity and diseases of the elderly is to be investigated over the long term.
Highlights
Dietary pulses, including several varieties of dry beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are the edible seeds of members of the legume family [1]
Nutrients 2017, 9, 793 diet-related chronic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4,5,6,7], consumption of dietary pulses is recommended by health authorities worldwide [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
Risk factor reduction per serving of pulses was subsequently calculated for CVD incidence reduction, while reduced risk of complications associated with lower HbA1c from the adoption of a low glycemic index (GI) or high fiber diet was assessed for DM patients
Summary
Dietary pulses, including several varieties of dry beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are the edible seeds of members of the legume family [1]. Pulse crops have a long tradition of being part of human diets, with historical records dating as far back as 10,000 years before present [2], and are rich sources of dietary fiber, protein, antioxidants, minerals (i.e., iron, zinc, magnesium and phosphorous), as well as folate and other B-vitamins [3]. For this reason and for their actions in reducing risk or managing major. Canada is a world leader in the production and sale of pulses [17], and pulses are plentiful within the Canadian marketplace, their consumption remains low, with only 13% of the adult population reporting consumption of pulses (at an average of 113 g) on any given day [18]
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