Canada's Census of Environment and public health.

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The 2021 federal budget committed funding to a co-sponsored Statistics Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada initiative aimed at conducting a 'census' of Canadian environments. The goal of the Census of Environment (CoE) is "to deliver a full picture of the complex relationship between ecosystems and the economy, society, and human well-being", with obvious implications for the ongoing monitoring and surveillance of environmental influence on human health. This commentary reflects on the evolution of the CoE initiative in describing two opportunities for population and public health researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in engaging with the CoE and its data. First, it describes stated CoE commitments to enhancing access to complex environmental data and the provision of data processing to support novel analyses and data utilization. Second, it highlights the relative importance of disaggregating environmental data across a variety of bio-geographical scales to engender a holistic understanding of the health of multiple elements that comprise living systems, including consideration of environmental health equity and intersectoral action. It ends with a constructive critique of the CoE's framing of 'ecosystem accounting' to support its maturation, and advocates for public health involvement in centring the importance of health in this initiative into the future.