Can we reduce excision margins for head and neck melanoma? A 12-year retrospective study

Abstract

Although wide local excision is the standard treatment for primary melanoma, the surgical margin remains controversial. Melanomas of the head and neck exhibit higher recurrence rates and worse prognosis than lesions in other body locations, and their close proximity to critical anatomical and functional structures means that wide excision margins are often not feasible. Surgeons must therefore achieve a balance of oncological safety and functional and aesthetic needs. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse melanoma data over a 12-year period at a large skin surgery unit to identify potential differences in outcomes in patients who had reduced wide local excision margins for primary head and neck melanoma. The study would provide further evidence for the need for large randomised prospective trials to reduce excision margins for head and neck melanoma. Local cancer network data were retrospectively analysed over a period of 12 years (2008-2019). Data included site, initial stage, multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting recommendations for excision margins and the actual wide local excision margin taken, recurrence rate, and disease-specific and absolute survival. A total of 222/305 patients (73%) had the recommended excision margin, while in 27% margins were reduced due to anatomical or functional considerations. Recurrence rates were similar (recommended 11.7% vs narrow 13.3% excision margins) (p = 0.64). The mean follow-up time for all patients was 48.5 months. In aesthetically and functionally sensitive areas of the head and neck, wide local excision margins need to be carefully considered after MDT discussion and discussion with the patient. This study suggests the need for further multicentre trials to address the uniqueness of head and neck melanoma.