Can vitamin D deficiency be considered a risk factor be considered a risk factor in luminal breast cancer?

Abstract

e24122 Background: The relationship of vitamin D (VD) with cancer is controversial. Its antiproliferative function by inhibiting the cell cycle has been described, as well as its characteristics as an inhibitor of angiogenesis, inducer of apoptosis and its ability to reduce inflammation, invasion and metastasis. Deficiency of this vitamin is very prevalent, affecting 40% of the population under 65 years of age, and there are some studies that relate it to the increase in the incidence of breast cancer (BC), colon or prostate cancer. VD deficiency is defined as a serum level of 25-hydroxy VD < 20 ng/mL. We analyzed whether VD deficiency can be considered a risk factor for BC, given that it is the most frequent tumor in the world. Methods: A single-center, retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of female patients diagnosed with localized luminal BC (stage I-II and III) in the year 2023 and a control group of healthy women. Baseline VD levels were determined in both groups. Statistical analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics 22) of demographic and clinical characteristics and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model for the study of VD deficiency, according to the variables age, menopausal status and previous chemotherapy. Results: We analyzed 231 patients (p) with luminal BC and a control group of 324 healthy women. In the BC group the median age was 62 years (range 34 - 88 years), 72% (168 p) in postmenopausal stage. 52% (121 p) had stage I, 37% (86 p) stage II, and 11% stage III. 59.7 % (138 p) had luminal A phenotype and 40.2 % luminal B phenotype. 27.7 % (64 p) had received chemotherapy. In the control group the median age was 65 years (range 45 - 78 years), 90% (287 women) in postmenopausal state. VD deficiency was present in 50.6 % of the BC group with a mean VD value of 21 ng / ml. In the control group the deficit was 33 % with a mean VD value of 24 ng / ml. Therefore, this deficit is significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy patients, with OR of 2.08 with 95% CI (1.4 - 2.7). In the overall multivariate analysis postmenopausal women have 5.1 more risk of presenting VD deficit, with p = 0.04. The variable age did not reach statistical significance. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of age, menopausal status, and having received previous chemotherapy, on the probability of BC patients presenting a VD deficit, without reaching statistical significance. Conclusions: VD deficiency is more prevalent in women with BC than the normal population, which is consistent with previous studies. Further well-designed studies are needed to assess the effect of VD supplementation in the female population as prevention of BC.