Abstract
Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration.
Highlights
The Nasal Cavity as an Entry Point for SARS-CoV-2 distributed under the terms and COVID-19 is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route after inhalation of contaminated droplets or particles [4]
A Phase I clinical trial in the USA is ongoing to assess the safety and the immunogenicity of the vaccine when administered to healthy adults aged 18 to 69 years who are seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 and have not received another vaccine against COVID-19
The nasal route has been proposed as a promising strategy to deliver vaccines and agents known to have antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2
Summary
2. The Nasal Cavity as an Entry Point for SARS-CoV-2 distributed under the terms and COVID-19 is mainly transmitted via the respiratory route after inhalation of contaminated droplets or particles [4]. In a recent study by Sungnak et al [9], SARS-CoV-2 entry factors were thoroughly investigated, and the results confirmed that ACE2 protein was expressed in multiple tissues, as previously published in the literature [10,11,12]. High levels of ACE2 protein in the nasal cells located in the olfactory neuroepithelium (200 to 700-fold increase compared to other nasal cells) were detected Since this area is rich in odor-sensing neurons, the researchers suggest that infection of these cells could be the reason for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients [14].
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