Abstract
The Hopelessness Model (Abramson, Alloy, & Metalsky, ) and response style theory (Nolen‐Hoeksema, Girgus, & Seligman, ) have been integrated in various ways, but these integrations have not been compared. German college students (N = 311, mean age = 23.27 years, SD = 6.57 years, 80% female) rated their depressive symptoms, negative inferences, and rumination 3 times. Findings supported an integrated model whereby individual inferences predict and interact with the rumination subtype brooding to affect depressive symptoms.
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