Can social policy influence socioeconomic disparities? Korean War GI Bill eligibility and markers of depression

Abstract

PurposeThe Korean War GI Bill provided socioeconomic benefits to veterans; however, its association with health is unclear; we hypothesize GI Bill eligibility is associated with fewer depressive symptoms and smaller disparities. MethodsData from 246 Korean War GI Bill eligible veterans and 240 nonveterans from the Health and Retirement Study were matched on birth year, southern birth, race, height, and childhood health using coarsened exact matching. Number of depressive symptoms in 2010 (average age = 78 years) was assessed using a modified, validated Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, dichotomized to reflect elevated depressive symptoms. Regression analyses were stratified into low (at least one parent < 8 years schooling/missing data, n = 167) or high (both parents ≥ 8 years schooling, n = 319) childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) groups. ResultsKorean War GI Bill eligibility predicted fewer depressive symptoms among individuals from low cSES backgrounds [β = −0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (−1.18, −0.09), P = .022]. Socioeconomic disparities were smaller among veterans than nonveterans for number of depressive symptoms [β = −0.76, 95% CI = (−1.33, −0.18), P = .010] and elevated depressive symptoms [β = −11.7, 95% CI = (−8.2, −22.6), P = .035]. ConclusionsKorean War GI Bill eligibility predicted smaller socioeconomic disparities in depression markers.