Abstract
Quantum entanglement can cause the efficiency of a heat engine to be greater than the efficiency of the Carnot cycle. However, this does not mean a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, since there is no local equilibrium for pure quantum states, and, in the absence of local equilibrium, thermodynamics cannot be formulated correctly. Von Neumann entropy is not a thermodynamic quantity, although it can characterize the ordering of a system. In the case of the entanglement of the particles of the system with the environment, the concept of an isolated system should be refined. In any case, quantum correlations cannot lead to a violation of the second law of thermodynamics in any of its formulations. This article is devoted to a technical discussion of the expected results on the role of quantum entanglement in thermodynamics.
Highlights
Quantum correlations can affect the state of distant particles, leading to a change in their behavior
The erasure of quantum information, as well as the measurement of the state of one of the particles in the EPR pair, can lead to a change in the von Neumann entropy of an isolated system, which is entangled with some other distant system, this will not lead to a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, since it does not relate to thermodynamic quantities
When the system is in local equilibrium, it is possible to introduce thermodynamic quantities, but entanglement, EPR paradox and the erasure of quantum information cannot take place
Summary
Quantum correlations can affect the state of distant particles, leading to a change in their behavior. In recent decades, ideas have appeared that take into account that quantum effects can, in one way or another, affect both the efficiency of the heat engine and the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics as a whole This can be especially important for small machines consisting of a small number of particles. These lessons could help scientists build nanomachines that harvest heat and use it to deliver medicine inside the body, or help reduce energy loss in tiny components of traditional computers Another important aspect of the application of the second law of thermodynamics to quantum systems is that entangled particles can interact with each other outside of an isolated system. This paper is devoted to a technical discussion supporting expected results about the role of von Neumann entropy and system-environment quantum entanglement in the context of non-equilibrium thermodynamics
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