Abstract
Plug-in Electric vehicles (PEV), both as battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local emissions. Governments around the world have implemented monetary and non-monetary policy measures to foster PEV market diffusion. However, empirical estimates of their effectiveness are scarce. Here, we analyse data on PEV sales from Europe and the US with the policy measures active in these countries, e.g., direct subsidies, tax rebates, and public charging infrastructure. The aim of the present paper is to contribute empirical evidence to the discussion of policy aided market evolution of electric vehicles. We find income, gasoline prices and both direct and indirect subsidies to positively influence PEV adoption.
Highlights
Plug-in Electric vehicles (PEV), both as battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local emissions
The aim of the present paper is to contribute empirical evidence to the discussion of policy aided market evolution of electric vehicles. Gasoline prices and both direct and indirect subsidies to positively influence PEV adoption
The left panel shows a boxplot for the effect on PEV sales shares whereas the right panel shows a boxplot of the effect on PEV per capita
Summary
Plug-in Electric vehicles (PEV), both as battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local emissions. Chandra et al (2010) focused on HEVs sold in Canada from 1989-2006 They found, that rebates had effect, but only for people who would have bought HEVs anyway. This rebate structure is important, which was confirmed by Sprei (2013) She analysed flex fuel vehicles in Sweden where sales were increasing until 2008 and decreasing until 2011. In her regression for vehicle sales in 2002-2011 she found the changing rebate structure the most important paired with a removal of the exemption from congestion charging and negative media announcements. A correlation with fuel prices is tested for the years 2000-2006 In a regression, they used the log per-capita sales as dependent variable, finding that feebates are the most effective policy measure. The effects of HOV lanes remain unclear while gas prices are positively correlated with HEV sales
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