Can MRI Be Used as a Sole Diagnostic Modality in Determining Clinical Stage in Cervical Cancer?

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare staging by MRI to clinical staging in patients with cervical cancer and to determine the histological accuracy of staging by MRI and examination under anesthesia (EUA) in early stage disease. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2010 and 2020 at the Radboud University Medical Centre, the Netherlands. Pretreatment stage (FIGO 2009) by MRI was compared with staging by EUA. Diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value was calculated for MRI and EUA in patients undergoing surgery (early stage disease) with histological results as a reference standard. A total of 358 patients were included in the study and MRI-based stage differed from EUA stage in 30.7%. In 12.3% this meant a discrepancy in treatment assignment between MRI and EUA. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in terms of sensitivity and specificity for detecting early stage disease was comparable to EUA in surgical patients. Further analyses showed that premenopausal status, early stage disease and a tumor diameter of <2 cm were associated with improved comparability of MRI and EUA (98%). There is still a large discrepancy between MRI and EUA. In patients with suspected early stage disease, diagnostic accuracy of MRI is similar to EUA, especially for premenopausal women with early stage disease and a tumor diameter of <2 cm.